Glerup H, Mikkelsen K, Poulsen L, et al. Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited.
J Intern Med.
2000;247:260 - 268.
Vieth R. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1999;69:842 - 856.
Moon JC. A brief history of vitamin D toxicity.
J Appl Nutr. 1997;49:18 - 31.
Shah M, Salhab N, Patterson D, et al. Nutritional rickets still afflict children in north Texas.
Tex Med.
2000;96:64 - 68.
Utiger RD. The need for more vitamin D.
N Engl J Med. 1998;338:828 - 829.
Werbach MR.
Foundations of Nutritional Medicine: A Sourcebook of Clinical Research.
Tarzana, Calif: Third Line Press; 1997:74 - 75.
Gloth FM 3rd, Tobin JD. Vitamin D deficiency in older people.
J Am Geriatr Soc.
1995;43:822 - 828.
Fuller KE, Casparian JM. Vitamin D: balancing cutaneous and systematic considerations.
South Med J. 2001;94:58 - 64.
Holmes RP, Kummerow FA. The relationship of adequate and excessive intake of vitamin D to health and disease.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1983;2:173 - 199.
Roe DA.
Drug-Induced Nutritional Deficiencies. 2nd ed. Westport, Conn: AVI Publishing Company; 1985:164 - 166, 249.
Roe DA, Campbell TC, eds.
Drugs and Nutrients: The Interactive Effects. New York, NY: M Dekker; 1984:505 - 523.
Hodges RE, Adelman RD.
Nutrition in Medical Practice. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 1980:323 - 331.
Bengoa JM, Bolt MJ, Rosenberg IH. Hepatic vitamin D 25-hydroxylase inhibition by cimetidine and isoniazid.
J Lab Clin Med. 1984;104:546 - 552.
Odes HS, Fraser GM, Krugliak P, et al. Effect of cimetidine on hepatic vitamin D metabolism in humans.
Digestion.
1990; 46:61 - 64.
[No authors listed]. Cimetidine inhibits the hepatic hydroxylation of vitamin D.
Nutr Rev
43: 184 - 185, 1985.
Brodie MJ, Boobis AR, Hillyard CJ, et al. Effect of isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism and hepatic monooxygenase activity.
Clin Pharmacol Ther.
1981;30:363 - 367.
Hahn TJ, Hendin BA, Scharp CR, et al. Effect of chronic anticonvulsant therapy on serum 25-hydroxycalciferol levels in adults.
N Engl J Med.
1972;287:900 - 904.
Jubiz W, Haussler MR, McCain TA, et al. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in patients receiving anticonvulsant drugs.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
1977;44:617 - 621.
Williams C, Netzloff M, Folkerts L, et al. Vitamin D metabolism and anticonvulsant therapy: effect of sunshine on incidence of osteomalacia.
South Med J.
1984;77:834 - 836, 842.
Tomita S, Ohnishi J, Nakano M, et al. The effects of anticonvulsant drugs on vitamin D3-activating cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenase systems.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.
1991;39:479 - 485.
Buckley LM, Leib ES, Cartularo KS, et al. Calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation prevents bone loss in the spine secondary to low-dose corticosteroids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Ann Intern Med.
1996;125:961 - 968.
Aarskog D, Aksnes L, Markestad T, et al. Heparin-induced inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D formation.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;148:1141 - 1142.
Haram K, Hervig T, Thordarson H, et al. Osteopenia caused by heparin treatment in pregnancy.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1993;72:674 - 675.
Wise PH, Hall AJ. Heparin-induced osteopenia in pregnancy.
Br Med J.
1980;281:110 - 111.
Brodie MJ, Boobis AR, Dollery CT, et al. Rifampicin and vitamin D metabolism.
Clin Pharmacol Ther.
1980;27:810 - 814.
Williams SE, Wardman AG, Taylor GA, et al. Long term study of the effect of rifampicin and isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism.
Tubercle.
1985;66:49 - 54.
Perry W, Erooga MA, Brown J, et al. Calcium metabolism during rifampicin and isoniazid therapy for tuberculosis.
J R Soc Med.
1982;75:533 - 536.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, et al. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older.
N Engl J Med. 1997;337:670 - 676.
Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal GE, Krall EA, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on wintertime and overall bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:505 - 512.
Garland FC, Garland CF, Gorham ED, et al. Geographic variation in breast cancer mortality in the United States: a hypothesis involving exposure to solar radiation.
Prev Med. 1990; 19:614 - 622.
Key SW, Marble M. Studies link sun exposure to protection against cancer.
Cancer Weekly Plus.
November 17, 1997: 5 - 6.
Martinez ME, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, et al. Calcium, vitamin D, and the occurrence of colorectal cancer among women.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88:1375 - 1382.
Kearney J, Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, et al. Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy foods and the occurrence of colon cancer in men.
Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:907 - 917.
James SY, Mackay AG, Colston KW. Effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues on induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1996;58:395 - 401.
Taylor JA, Hirvonen A, Watson M, et al. Association of prostate cancer with vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism.
Cancer Res. 1996;56:4108 - 4110.
Douglas WC. Vitamin D scores again.
Second Opinion.
1997;7:4 - 5.
Fuller KE, Casparian JM. Vitamin D: balancing cutaneous and systematic considerations.
South Med J. 2001;94:58 - 64.
Gilchrest BA, Eller MS, Geller AC, et al. The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation.
N Engl J Med.
1999;340:1341-1348.
Studzinski GP, Moore DC. Sunlight - can it prevent as well as cause cancer?
Cancer Res. 1995;55:4014 - 4022.
Blutt SE, Weigel NL. Vitamin D and prostate cancer.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999;221:89 - 98.
Vandewalle B, Hornez L, Wattez N, et al. Vitamin-D3 derivatives and breast-tumor cell growth: effect on intracellular calcium and apoptosis.
Int J Cancer. 1995;61:806 - 811.
Hofer H, Ho GM, Peterlik M, et al. Biological effects of 1alpha-hydroxy- and 1beta-(hydroxymethyl)-vitamin D compounds relevant for potential colorectal cancer therapy.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999;291:450 - 455.
Tong WM, Kallay E, Hofer H, et al. Growth regulation of human colon cancer cells by epidermal growth factor and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is mediated by mutual modulation of receptor expression.
Eur J Cancer. 1998;34:2119 - 2125.
Ekman P. Genetic and environmental factors in prostate cancer genesis: identifying high-risk cohorts.
Eur Urol. 1999;35:362 - 369.
Peehl DM. Vitamin D and prostate cancer risk.
Eur Urol. 1999;35:392 - 394.
Hanchette CL, Schwartz GG. Geographic patterns of prostate cancer mortality. Evidence for a protective effect of ultraviolet radiation.
Cancer. 1992;70:2861 - 2869.
Moffatt KA, Johannes WU, Miller GJ. 1Alpha,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 and platinum drugs act synergistically to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cell lines.
Clin Cancer Res. 1999;5:695 - 703.
Danielsson C, Torma H, Vahlquist A, et al. Positive and negative interaction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the retinoid CD437 in the induction of human melanoma cell apoptosis.
Int J Cancer. 1999;81:467 - 470.
Evans SR, Houghton AM, Schumaker L, et al. Vitamin D receptor and growth inhibition by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human malignant melanoma cell lines.
J Surg Res. 1996;61:127 - 133.
Rostand SG. Ultraviolet light may contribute to geographic and racial blood pressure differences. Hypertension. 1997;30(2 pt 1):150-156.
Scragg R. Sunlight, vitamin D, and cardiovascular disease. In: Crass MF II, Avioli LV, eds.
Calcium Regulating Hormones and Cardiovascular Function. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1995:213 - 237.
O'Connell TD, Simpson RU. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and cardiac muscle structure and function. In: Crass MF II, Avioli LV, eds.
Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Cardiovascular Function. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1995:191-211.
Fuller KE, Casparian JM. Vitamin D: balancing cutaneous and systematic considerations.
South Med J. 2001;94:58 - 64.
Thys-Jacobs S, Donovan D, Papadopoulos A, et al. Vitamin D and calcium dysregulation in the polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Steroids.
1999;64:430 - 435.
Kragballe K. Vitamin D3 analogues in psoriasis.
Dermatologica. 1990;180:110 - 111.
LeBoff MS, Kohlmeier L, Hurwitz S, et al. Occult vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal US women with acute hip fracture.
JAMA.
1999;281:1505 - 1511.
Mezquita-Raya P, Munoz-Torres M, De Dios Luna J, et al. Relation between vitamin D insufficiency, bone density, and bone metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women.
J Bone Miner Res.
2001;16:1408 - 1415.
Sato Y, Asoh T, Kondo I, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of hip fractures among disabled elderly stroke patients.
Stroke.
2001;32:1673 - 1677.
Lips P, Graafmans WC, Ooms ME, et al. Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:400 - 406.
Hunter D, Major P, Arden N, et al. A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation on preventing postmenopausal bone loss and modifying bone metabolism using identical twin pairs.
J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15:2276 - 2283.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, et al. Effect of withdrawal of calcium and vitamin D supplements on bone mass in elderly men and women.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72:745 - 750.
Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal GE, Krall EA, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on wintertime and overall bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:505 - 512.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, et al. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older.
N Engl J Med. 1997;337:670 - 676.
Homik J, Suarez-Almazor ME, Shea B, et al. Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2000;(2):CD000952.
Buckley LM, Leib ES, Cartularo KS, et al. Calcium and vitamin D
3
supplementation prevents bone loss in the spine secondary to low-dose corticosteroids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Ann Intern Med.
1996;125:961 - 968.
Vieth R. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:842 - 856.
Moon JC. A brief history of vitamin D toxicity.
J Appl Nutr.
1997;49:18 - 31.
Vieth R, Chan PC, MacFarlane GD. Efficacy and safety of vitamin D(3) intake exceeding the lowest observed adverse effect level.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:288 - 294.
Bar-Or D, Gasiel Y. Calcium and calciferol antagonise effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation.
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed).
1981;282:1585 - 1586.
Riis B, Christiansen C. Actions of thiazide on vitamin D metabolism: a controlled therapeutic trial in normal women early in the postmenopause.
Metabolism.
1985;34:421 - 424.
Lemann J, Gray RW, Maierhofer WJ, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits bone resorption in men despite experimentally elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations.
Kidney Int.
198528:951 - 958.
Crowe M, Wollner L, Griffiths RA. Hypercalcaemia following vitamin D and thiazide therapy in the elderly.
Practitioner.
1984;228:312 - 313.
Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997). Available at www.nap.edu. Accessed October 4, 2001.
Hypponen E, Laara E, Reunanen A, et al. Intake of vitamin D and risk of type I diabetes: a birth-cohort study.
Lancet. 2001;358:1500-1503.
The EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group. Vitamin D supplement in early childhood and risk for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Diabetologia.
1999;42:51-54.
Stene LC, Ulriksen J, Magnus P, et al. Use of cod liver oil during pregnancy associated with lower risk of Type I diabetes in the offspring.
Diabetologia. 2000;43:1093-1098.
Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne H, et al. Effects of a short-term vitamin D and calcium supplementation on body sway and secondary hyperparathyroidism in elderly women.
J Bone Miner Res.
2000;15:1113-1118.
Janssen HC, Samson MM, Verhaar HJ. Vitamin D deficiency, muscle function, and falls in elderly people.
Am J Clin Nutr.
2002;75:611-615.
Lansdowne AT, Provost SC. Vitamin D3 enhances mood in healthy subjects during winter.
Psychopharmacology (Berl).
1998;135:319 - 323.
Schou AJ, Heuck C, Wolthers OD. A randomized, controlled lower leg growth study of vitamin D supplementation to healthy children during the winter season.
Ann Hum Biol.
2003;30:214 - 219.
Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial.
BMJ.
2003;326:469.
Bischoff HA, Stahelin HB, Dick W, et al. Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls: a randomized controlled trial.
J Bone Miner Res.
2003;18:343 - 351.
Latham NK, Anderson CS, Lee A, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of quadriceps resistance exercise and vitamin D in frail older people: the frailty interventions trial in elderly subjects (FITNESS). J
Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51:291 - 299.
La información aquí suministrada complementa la atención recibida por su médico. De ninguna forma intenta sustituir el consejo de un professional medico. LLAME A SU MEDICO DE INMEDIATO SI PIENSA QUE PODRIA TENER UNA EMERGENCIA. Siempre busque consejo médico antes de comenzar un nuevo tratamiento o si tiene preguntas sobre una condición médica.