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  • Vanadium

    En Español (Spanish Version)

    Supplement Forms/Alternate Names :

    Vanadate; Vanadyl Sulfate

    Principal Proposed Uses

    None

    Other Proposed Uses

    Bodybuilding ; Diabetes ; Osteoporosis

    Note: There are serious safety concerns regarding vanadium use.

    Vanadium, a mineral, is named after the Scandinavian goddess of beauty, youth, and luster. Taking vanadium will not make you beautiful, youthful, and lustrous, but evidence from animal studies suggests it may be an essential micronutrient. That is, your body may need it, but in very low doses.

    Based on promising animal studies, high doses of vanadium have been tested as an aid to controlling blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Like chromium, another trace mineral used in diabetes, vanadium has also been recommended as an aid in bodybuilding. However, animal studies suggest that taking high doses of vanadium can be harmful.

    Requirements/Sources

    We don't know exactly how much vanadium people require, but estimates range from 10 to 30 mcg daily. (To realize how tiny this amount is, consider that it's about one millionth of the amount of calcium you need.) Human deficiencies have not been reported, but goats fed a low-vanadium diet have developed birth defects.1

    Vanadium is found in very small amounts in a wide variety of foods, including: breakfast cereals, canned fruit juices, wine, beer, buckwheat, parsley, soy, oats, olive oil, sunflower seeds, corn, green beans, peanut oil, carrots, cabbage, and garlic. The average daily American diet provides between 10 and 60 mcg of vanadium.2

    Therapeutic Dosages

    In various studies, vanadium has been used at doses thousands of times higher than is present in the diet, as high as 125 mg per day. However, there are serious safety concerns about taking vanadium at such high doses. We do not recommend exceeding the dose given in Safety Issues.

    Therapeutic Uses

    Vanadium has been proposed as a treatment for diabetes, based on promising studies in animals and a few small human trials.3,4

    Vanadium is also sometimes used as a sports supplement by bodybuilders, but there is no evidence that it is effective.5

    Because studies in mice have found that vanadium is deposited in bone,6 some practitioners of nutritional medicine have suggested that it may be helpful for osteoporosis. However, since many toxic metals also accumulate in the bones without strengthening them, this doesn't prove that vanadium is good for bones.

    What Is the Scientific Evidence for Vanadium?

    Diabetes

    Studies in rats with and without diabetes suggest that vanadium may have an insulin-like effect, reducing blood sugar levels.7-17 Based on these findings, preliminary studies involving humans have been conducted, with some promising results.18-23 However, of 151 studies recently reviewed, none were of sufficient quality to judge whether or not vanadium is at all beneficial in type 2 diabetes.31 The researchers did find that vanadium was often associated with gastrointestinal side effects. At present, it is not possible to say whether vanadium is helpful (or, for that matter, safe) for people with diabetes.

    Bodybuilding

    Vanadium has been promoted as a body-building sports supplement. However, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 31 weight-trained athletes failed to find any benefit at a dosage more than 1,000 times the nutritional dose.24

    Safety Issues

    Studies in humans and animals suggest that vanadium can cause toxic effects and might accumulate in the body if taken to excess.25-29  The safe upper intake level for adults has been set at 1.8 mg.30 Maximum safe doses for children have not yet been determined.

    Another potential risk with vanadium involves its purported benefits. If vanadium does, in fact, improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes, the net result could be a potentially dangerous fall in blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). For this reason, medical supervision is recommended before adding vanadium to a regimen of standard diabetes medications.

    Interactions You Should Know About

    • If you are taking insulin or oral diabetes medications: Seek medical supervision before taking vanadium because you may need to reduce your dose of diabetes medication.
    References

    Harland BF, Harden-Williams BA. Is vanadium of human nutritional importance yet? J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:891-894.

    Harland BF, Harden-Williams BA. Is vanadium of human nutritional importance yet? J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:891-894.

    Boden G, Chen X, Ruiz J, et al. Effects of vanadyl sulfate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1996;45:1130-1135.

    Halberstam M, Cohen N, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1996;45:659-666.

    Fawcett JP, Farquhar SJ, Walker RJ, et al. The effect of oral vanadyl sulfate on body composition and performance in weight-training athletes. Int J Sport Nutr. 1996;6:382-390.

    Amano R, Enomoto S, Nobuta M, et al. Bone uptake of vanadium in mice: Simultaneous tracing of V, Se, Sr, Y, Zr, Ru and Rh using a radioactive multitracer. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 1996;10:145-148.

    Matsumoto J. Vanadate, molybdate and tungstate for orthomolecular medicine. Med Hypotheses. 1994;43:177-182.

    Shamberger RJ. The insulin-like effects of vanadium. J Adv Med. 1996;9:121-131.

    Ramanadham S, Mongold JJ, Brownsey RW, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate in treatment of diabetes mellitus in rats. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:H904-H911.

    Brichard SM, Okitolonda W, Henquin JC. Long-term improvement of glucose homeostasis by vanadate treatment in diabetic rats. Endocrinology. 1988;123:2048-2053.

    Kanthasamy A, Sekar N, Govindasamy S. Vanadate substitutes insulin role in chronic experimental diabetes. Indian J Exp Biol. 1988;26:778-780.

    Shechter Y. Insulin-mimetic effects of vanadate. Possible implications for future treatment of diabetes. Diabetes. 1990;39:1-5.

    Challiss RA, Leighton B, Lozeman FJ, et al. Effects of chronic administration of vanadate to the rat on the sensitivity of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle to insulin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1987;36:357-361.

    Sakurai H, Tsuchiya K, Nakatsuka M, et al. Insulin-like effect of vanadyl ion on streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol. 1990;126:451-459.

    Pederson RA, Ramanadham S, Buchan AM, et al. Long-term effects of vanadyl treatment on streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats. Diabetes. 1989;38:1390-1395.

    Myerovitch J, Farfel A, Sack J, et al. Oral administration of vanadate normalizes blood glucose levels in streptozocin-treated rats. Characterization and mode of action. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:6658-6662.

    Heylinger CE, Tahiliani AG, McNeill JH. Effect of vanadate on elevated blood glucose and depressed cardiac performance of diabetic rats. Science. 1985;227:1474-1477.

    Boden G, Chen X, Ruiz J, et al. Effects of vanadyl sulfate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1996;45:1130-1135.

    Cohen N, Halberstam M, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:2501-2509.

    Goldfine AB, Folli F, Patti ME, et al. Effects of sodium vanadate and in vitro insulin action in diabetes [abstract]. Clin Res. 1994;42:116A.

    Halberstam M, Cohen N, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1996;45:659-666.

    Goldfine AB, Patti ME, Zuberi L, et al. Metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate in humans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: in vivo and in vitro studies. Metabolism. 2000;49:400-410.

    Srivastava AK. Anti-diabetic and toxic effects of vanadium compounds. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;206:177-182.

    Fawcett JP, Farquhar SJ, Walker RJ, et al. The effect of oral vanadyl sulfate on body composition and performance in weight-training athletes. Int J Sport Nutr. 1996;6:382-390.

    Domingo JL, Gomez M, Llobet JM, et al. Oral vanadium administration to streptozotocin-diabetic rats has marked negative side-effects which are independent of the form of vanadium used. Toxicology. 1991;66:279-287.

    Srivastava AK. Anti-diabetic and toxic effects of vanadium compounds. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;206:177-182.

    Sanchez DJ, Colomina MT, Domingo JL. Effects of vanadium on activity and learning in rats. Physiol Behav. 1998;63:345-350.

    Domingo JL. Vanadium: a review of the reproductive and developmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol. 1996;10:175-182.

    Domingo JL. Vanadium and diabetes. What about vanadium toxicity? Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;203:185-187.

    Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc (2001). National Academies Press website. Available at: http://www.nap.edu. Accessed October 4, 2001.

    Smith DM, Pickering RM, Lewith GT. A systematic review of vanadium oral supplements for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. QJM. 2008 Mar 4.

    Last reviewed July 2012 by EBSCO CAM Review Board

    Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

    Copyright © EBSCO Publishing. All rights reserved.

  • Vanadium

    En Español (Spanish Version)

    Supplement Forms/Alternate Names :

    Vanadate; Vanadyl Sulfate

    Principal Proposed Uses

    None

    Other Proposed Uses

    Bodybuilding ; Diabetes ; Osteoporosis

    Note: There are serious safety concerns regarding vanadium use.

    Vanadium, a mineral, is named after the Scandinavian goddess of beauty, youth, and luster. Taking vanadium will not make you beautiful, youthful, and lustrous, but evidence from animal studies suggests it may be an essential micronutrient. That is, your body may need it, but in very low doses.

    Based on promising animal studies, high doses of vanadium have been tested as an aid to controlling blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Like chromium, another trace mineral used in diabetes, vanadium has also been recommended as an aid in bodybuilding. However, animal studies suggest that taking high doses of vanadium can be harmful.

    Requirements/Sources

    We don't know exactly how much vanadium people require, but estimates range from 10 to 30 mcg daily. (To realize how tiny this amount is, consider that it's about one millionth of the amount of calcium you need.) Human deficiencies have not been reported, but goats fed a low-vanadium diet have developed birth defects.1

    Vanadium is found in very small amounts in a wide variety of foods, including: breakfast cereals, canned fruit juices, wine, beer, buckwheat, parsley, soy, oats, olive oil, sunflower seeds, corn, green beans, peanut oil, carrots, cabbage, and garlic. The average daily American diet provides between 10 and 60 mcg of vanadium.2

    Therapeutic Dosages

    In various studies, vanadium has been used at doses thousands of times higher than is present in the diet, as high as 125 mg per day. However, there are serious safety concerns about taking vanadium at such high doses. We do not recommend exceeding the dose given in Safety Issues.

    Therapeutic Uses

    Vanadium has been proposed as a treatment for diabetes, based on promising studies in animals and a few small human trials.3,4

    Vanadium is also sometimes used as a sports supplement by bodybuilders, but there is no evidence that it is effective.5

    Because studies in mice have found that vanadium is deposited in bone,6 some practitioners of nutritional medicine have suggested that it may be helpful for osteoporosis. However, since many toxic metals also accumulate in the bones without strengthening them, this doesn't prove that vanadium is good for bones.

    What Is the Scientific Evidence for Vanadium?

    Diabetes

    Studies in rats with and without diabetes suggest that vanadium may have an insulin-like effect, reducing blood sugar levels.7-17 Based on these findings, preliminary studies involving humans have been conducted, with some promising results.18-23 However, of 151 studies recently reviewed, none were of sufficient quality to judge whether or not vanadium is at all beneficial in type 2 diabetes.31 The researchers did find that vanadium was often associated with gastrointestinal side effects. At present, it is not possible to say whether vanadium is helpful (or, for that matter, safe) for people with diabetes.

    Bodybuilding

    Vanadium has been promoted as a body-building sports supplement. However, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 31 weight-trained athletes failed to find any benefit at a dosage more than 1,000 times the nutritional dose.24

    Safety Issues

    Studies in humans and animals suggest that vanadium can cause toxic effects and might accumulate in the body if taken to excess.25-29  The safe upper intake level for adults has been set at 1.8 mg.30 Maximum safe doses for children have not yet been determined.

    Another potential risk with vanadium involves its purported benefits. If vanadium does, in fact, improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes, the net result could be a potentially dangerous fall in blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). For this reason, medical supervision is recommended before adding vanadium to a regimen of standard diabetes medications.

    Interactions You Should Know About

    • If you are taking insulin or oral diabetes medications: Seek medical supervision before taking vanadium because you may need to reduce your dose of diabetes medication.
    References

    Harland BF, Harden-Williams BA. Is vanadium of human nutritional importance yet? J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:891-894.

    Harland BF, Harden-Williams BA. Is vanadium of human nutritional importance yet? J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:891-894.

    Boden G, Chen X, Ruiz J, et al. Effects of vanadyl sulfate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1996;45:1130-1135.

    Halberstam M, Cohen N, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1996;45:659-666.

    Fawcett JP, Farquhar SJ, Walker RJ, et al. The effect of oral vanadyl sulfate on body composition and performance in weight-training athletes. Int J Sport Nutr. 1996;6:382-390.

    Amano R, Enomoto S, Nobuta M, et al. Bone uptake of vanadium in mice: Simultaneous tracing of V, Se, Sr, Y, Zr, Ru and Rh using a radioactive multitracer. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 1996;10:145-148.

    Matsumoto J. Vanadate, molybdate and tungstate for orthomolecular medicine. Med Hypotheses. 1994;43:177-182.

    Shamberger RJ. The insulin-like effects of vanadium. J Adv Med. 1996;9:121-131.

    Ramanadham S, Mongold JJ, Brownsey RW, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate in treatment of diabetes mellitus in rats. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:H904-H911.

    Brichard SM, Okitolonda W, Henquin JC. Long-term improvement of glucose homeostasis by vanadate treatment in diabetic rats. Endocrinology. 1988;123:2048-2053.

    Kanthasamy A, Sekar N, Govindasamy S. Vanadate substitutes insulin role in chronic experimental diabetes. Indian J Exp Biol. 1988;26:778-780.

    Shechter Y. Insulin-mimetic effects of vanadate. Possible implications for future treatment of diabetes. Diabetes. 1990;39:1-5.

    Challiss RA, Leighton B, Lozeman FJ, et al. Effects of chronic administration of vanadate to the rat on the sensitivity of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle to insulin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1987;36:357-361.

    Sakurai H, Tsuchiya K, Nakatsuka M, et al. Insulin-like effect of vanadyl ion on streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol. 1990;126:451-459.

    Pederson RA, Ramanadham S, Buchan AM, et al. Long-term effects of vanadyl treatment on streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats. Diabetes. 1989;38:1390-1395.

    Myerovitch J, Farfel A, Sack J, et al. Oral administration of vanadate normalizes blood glucose levels in streptozocin-treated rats. Characterization and mode of action. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:6658-6662.

    Heylinger CE, Tahiliani AG, McNeill JH. Effect of vanadate on elevated blood glucose and depressed cardiac performance of diabetic rats. Science. 1985;227:1474-1477.

    Boden G, Chen X, Ruiz J, et al. Effects of vanadyl sulfate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1996;45:1130-1135.

    Cohen N, Halberstam M, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:2501-2509.

    Goldfine AB, Folli F, Patti ME, et al. Effects of sodium vanadate and in vitro insulin action in diabetes [abstract]. Clin Res. 1994;42:116A.

    Halberstam M, Cohen N, Shlimovich P, et al. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1996;45:659-666.

    Goldfine AB, Patti ME, Zuberi L, et al. Metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate in humans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: in vivo and in vitro studies. Metabolism. 2000;49:400-410.

    Srivastava AK. Anti-diabetic and toxic effects of vanadium compounds. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;206:177-182.

    Fawcett JP, Farquhar SJ, Walker RJ, et al. The effect of oral vanadyl sulfate on body composition and performance in weight-training athletes. Int J Sport Nutr. 1996;6:382-390.

    Domingo JL, Gomez M, Llobet JM, et al. Oral vanadium administration to streptozotocin-diabetic rats has marked negative side-effects which are independent of the form of vanadium used. Toxicology. 1991;66:279-287.

    Srivastava AK. Anti-diabetic and toxic effects of vanadium compounds. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;206:177-182.

    Sanchez DJ, Colomina MT, Domingo JL. Effects of vanadium on activity and learning in rats. Physiol Behav. 1998;63:345-350.

    Domingo JL. Vanadium: a review of the reproductive and developmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol. 1996;10:175-182.

    Domingo JL. Vanadium and diabetes. What about vanadium toxicity? Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;203:185-187.

    Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc (2001). National Academies Press website. Available at: http://www.nap.edu. Accessed October 4, 2001.

    Smith DM, Pickering RM, Lewith GT. A systematic review of vanadium oral supplements for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. QJM. 2008 Mar 4.

    Last reviewed July 2012 by EBSCO CAM Review Board

    Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

    Copyright © EBSCO Publishing. All rights reserved.

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