Early MS symptoms are often similar to those associated with many other neurological disorders. Therefore, a combination of several tests and procedures is needed to definitively diagnose or rule out the disease. This series of diagnostic tests and procedures typically includes
- Complete medical history: Physicians must get a full picture of the patient's health status, including when the MS-like symptoms first appeared.
- Nervous system function tests: Physicians assess the balance, coordination, muscle strength, sensation, vision and reflexes of the patient. The individual is also checked for memory, attention and language.
Diagnostic tests: An MRI is used to provide a detailed view of the brain and reveal any areas of
damage to the myelin tissue of the nerves in the brain or spinal cord. Evoked potential tests measure the speed and accuracy with which nerves respond to certain stimuli. A spinal tap is used to remove spinal fluid and check for
abnormalities in its white blood cells, antibodies and proteins.- Additional tests: Assessment of bladder function with ultrasound and urodynamic
studies as well as screening for depression and cognitive dysfunction are
sometimes performed in MS patients, depending on the underlying symptoms.
