A bunion is a foot deformity in which the first metatarsal bone (the long bone in your foot) turns inward and the great toe turns outward. An enlargement of the end of the metatarsal bone at the base of the great toe forms. Pressure from shoes often causes the bump to swell and become painful.
Causes
Bunions may be caused by arthritis. Heredity often plays a role. Various foot types that allow for development of a bunion may be passed from generation to generation. Shoes which are constrictive greatly accelerate the development of a bunion. An estimated 85% occur in women.
Symptoms
Pain is the main symptom of a bunion and tight shoes usually make it worse. Swelling and redness often occur. Sometimes other toe deformities may occur as a result of the position of the great toe.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of this condition involves careful clinical and x-ray evaluation. There are various types of bunion deformities, and treatment is based on the type of deformity present
Treatment
The first treatment for bunions is to change shoes. Wear shoes that do not cramp the forefoot. Prescription shoes are sometimes appropriate. Special padding may be beneficial.
Surgery
Surgery can correct painful bunions. There are several different types of procedures, and the one recommended depends on the specific deformity. Most involve realigning a bone to correct the basic problem. There is often a misconception that this is simple and only involves shaving off the bump. This is not so. The surgery is usually done on an outpatient basis, but admission to the hospital may be needed.
