Introduction

Bee propolis is a resin-like substance that bees make to coat their hives. It can be taken as a pill, powder, or extract. When taken by mouth, it has been used to help control blood glucose. Bee propolis can also be applied to the skin as a cream or salve. It has been used to help heal wounds and ulcers. It can also be used as a mouthwash to improve oral hygiene.

Dosages

There are no advised doses for bee propolis.

What Research Shows

Likely Effective

May Be Effective

Not Enough Data to Assess

Editorial process and description of evidence categories can be found at EBSCO NAT Editorial Process.

Editorial process and description of evidence categories can be found at EBSCO NAT Editorial Process.

Safety Notes

It is likely safe to take use bee propolis on the skin and to take it orally in small doses for a short time, but allergic reactions are possible.G1-G3 Not enough studies have been done to say whether it is safe to use for a long period. It is also not known whether it is safe to take by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. People with bee allergies should not use propolis.

Interactions

Talk to your doctor about any supplements or therapy you would like to use. Some can interfere with treatment or make conditions worse.

References

REFA Cancer Treatment Support

REFA1 Abdulrhman M, Elbarbary NS, et al. Honey and a mixture of honey, beeswax, and olive oil-propolis extract in treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a randomized controlled pilot study. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2012 Apr;29(3):285-292. do

REFA2 Tomaževič T, Jazbec J. A double blind randomised placebo controlled study of propolis (bee glue) effectiveness in the treatment of severe oral mucositis in chemotherapy treated children. Complement Ther Med. 2013 Aug;21(4):306-312.

REFA3 AkhavanKarbassi MH, Yazdi MF, et al. Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Propolis for Oral Mucositis in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(7):3611-3614.

REFA4 Marucci L, Farneti A, et al. Double-blind randomized phase III study comparing a mixture of natural agents versus placebo in the prevention of acute mucositis during chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2017 Sep;39(9):1761-1769.

REFA5 Piredda M, Facchinetti G, et al. Propolis in the prevention of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(6):12757.

REFA6 Kuo CC, Wang RH, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of propolis mouthwash in cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(12):4001-4009.

REFB Diabetes

REFB1 Samadi N, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, et al. Effects of bee propolis supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile and insulin resistance indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Integr Med.2017;15(2):124-134.

REFC Gingivitis

REFC1 Giammarinaro E, Marconcini S, et al. Propolis as an adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a clinical study with salivary anti-oxidant capacity assessment. Minerva Stomatol. 2018 Oct;67(5):183-188.

REFD Mouth Sores

REFD1 Samet N, Laurent C, et al. The effect of bee propolis on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a pilot study. Clin Oral Investig. 2007 Jun;11(2):143-147.

REFD2 Rodríguez-Archilla A, Raissouni T. Randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of complementary therapies for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Med Clin (Barc). 2017 Jul 21;149(2):55-60.

REFE Oral Health

REFE1 Hwu YJ, Lin FY. Effectiveness of propolis on oral health: a meta-analysis. J Nurs Res. 2014 Dec;22(4):221-9. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000054. PubMed PMID: 25386865.

REFF Respiratory Tract Infections

REFF1 Cohen HA, Varsano I, et al. Effectiveness of an herbal preparation containing echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C in preventing respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):217-221.

REFG Safety

REFG1 Walgrave SE, Warshaw EM, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from propolis. Dermatitis. 2005 Dec;16(4):209-215.

REFG2 Ventura MT, Viola M, et al. Hypersensitivity reactions to complementary and alternative medicine products. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(26):3393-3399.

REFG3 Pecquet C. Allergic reactions to insect secretions. Eur J Dermatol. 2013 Nov-Dec;23(6):767-73.

REFH Warts

REFH1 Zedan H, Hofny ER, et al. Propolis as an alternative treatment for cutaneous warts. Int J Dermatol. 2009;48(11):1246-1249.

Revision Information

  • Reviewer: EBSCO NAT Review Board Eric Hurwitz, DC
  • Review Date: 07/2019
  • Update Date: 09/09/2019