Definition
A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach pushes through the muscle between the abdomen and chest.
Hiatal Hernia |
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Causes
This problem may be caused by:
- Weakened muscles
- An injury to the chest opening, such as a car accident
- A buildup of pressure in the belly, such as from obesity or pregnancy
- Recent surgery on the digestive system
Some babies are born with this problem. This is not common.
Symptoms
Some people do not have symptoms. Those who do may have:
- A burning feeling in the chest, especially after eating or lying down
- Problems swallowing, such as food that comes back up
- Pain or discomfort in the throat, chest, or stomach
- Nausea and vomiting
- Feeling very full after eating
- Problems breathing
- Burping
Diagnosis
Hiatal hernias are often seen on tests for other health problems. The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam may be done.
Images may be taken of the stomach. This can be done with:
- Upper GI endoscopy—scope with camera is passed down the throat
- Upper GI series—x-rays that use special dye
Treatment
Most hiatal hernias do not need treatment. The goal is to manage symptoms. Options are:
- Dietary changes, such as staying away from foods that cause heartburn
- Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking
- Medicines to control stomach acid, such as:
- Over-the-counter antacids
- H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
People with severe symptoms may need surgery. Surgery may also be needed for a hernia that is cutting off blood flow to the stomach.
RESOURCES
American College of Gastroenterology http://patients.gi.org
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases https://www.niddk.nih.gov
CANADIAN RESOURCES
Canadian Institute for Health Information https://www.cihi.ca
Health Canada https://www.canada.ca
References
Acid reflux (GER & GERD) in adults. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults. Accessed January 8, 2021.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-gerd. Accessed January 8, 2021.
Hiatal hernia. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/hiatal-hernia. Accessed January 8, 2021.
Hiatus hernia. Merck Manual Professional Verson website. Available at: https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/esophageal-and-swallowing-disorders/hiatus-hernia. Accessed January 8, 2021.
Sfara A, Dumistrascu, D. The management of hiatal hernia: an update on diagnosis and treatment. Med Pharm Rep. 2019;92(4):321-325.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Marcin Chwistek, MD
- Update Date: 01/08/2021