Definition
Dyslexia is a common learning problem that makes it hard for someone to read, write, and spell.
Causes
It is caused by problems with certain genes. The way the brain grows and works also plays a role.
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Symptoms
A person may have problems:
- Learning to speak
- Learning letters and their sounds
- Spelling
- Reading and writing at grade level
- Organizing written and spoken words
- Learning a new language
- Learning number facts
- Doing math problems
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam, hearing, and vision tests will be done. Exams may also need to be done by a learning specialist, a psychologist, or a neurologist.
Treatment
There is no cure. Getting treated early can help a child learn to cope. Teachers, tutors, and learning specialists can help. Choices may be:
Remediation
Remediation is a way of teaching language skills. Some methods are:
- Teaching small amounts at a time
- Teaching the same topics many times, also known as over-teaching
- Using all senses to help a child learn
Compensatory Strategies
Compensatory strategies are ways to work-around the problems caused by dyslexia. Some methods are:
- Audio taping classroom lessons, homework assignments, and texts
- Using flashcards
- Sitting in the front of the classroom
- Using a computer with spelling and grammar checks
- Having more time to complete homework or tests
RESOURCES
International Dyslexia Association http://eida.org
National Center for Learning Disabilities http://www.ld.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES
Canadian Dyslexia Association http://www.dyslexiaassociation.ca
Health Canada https://www.canada.ca
References
Dyslexia. Kids Health—Nemours Foundation website. Available at: http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/health%5Fproblems/learning%5Fproblem/dyslexia.html. Updated September 2018. Accessed April 8, 2020.
Dyslexia basics. International Dyslexia Association website. Available at: http://eida.org/dyslexia-basics. Accessed April 8, 2020.
Frequently asked questions about dyslexia. International Dyslexia Association website. Available at: http://eida.org/frequently-asked-questions-2. Accessed April 8, 2020.
Understanding dyslexia. Kids Health—Nemours Foundation website website. Available at: http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/learning/dyslexia.html. Updated September 2018. Accessed April 8, 2020.
Understanding dyslexia. Understood for Learning and Attention Issues website. Available at: https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/child-learning-disabilities/dyslexia/understanding-dyslexia. Accessed April 8, 2020.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Rimas Lukas, MD
- Review Date: 02/2020
- Update Date: 04/08/2020