qnr Numbering and Sequence


In 2008 a group of investigators interested in qnr genes published a proposed numbering scheme to reduce the chaos that had developed from new sequences being given the same qnr number or having the number changed frequently in an attempt to avoid duplication (1). The following tables list those assignments. They can be downloaded as Excel files by clicking on the symbol next to the title. Application for new allele numbers can be directed to george.a.jacoby@lahey.org.


  1. Jacoby, G., V. Cattoir, D. Hooper, L. Martínez-Martínez, P. Nordmann, A. Pascual, L. Poirel, and M. Wang. 2008. qnr gene nomenclature. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52:2297-2299.

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Qnr Allele Designations

Allele GenBank Accession No. - Nucleotide GenBank Accession No. - Protein Reference
QnrA1 AY070235 AAL60061 1
QnrA2 AY675584 AAT79355 2
QnrA3 DQ058661 AAZ04782 3
QnrA4 DQ058662 AAZ04783 3
QnrA5 DQ058663 AAZ04784 3
QnrA6 DQ151889 AAZ78355 4
QnrA7 GQ463707 ACV83303 26
QnrB1 DQ351241 ABC86904 5
QnrB2 DQ351242 ABC86905 5
QnrB3 DQ303920 ABC17629 6
QnrB4 DQ303921 ABC17630 6
QnrB5 DQ303919 ABC17628 7
QnrB6 EF520349 ABP87778 8
QnrB7 EU043311 ABW03156 9
QnrB8 EU043312 ABW03157 9
QnrB9 EF526508 ABP88094 10
QnrB10 DQ631414 ABG56269 11
QnrB11 EF653270 ABS30107 12
QnrB12 AM774474 CAO82104 13
QnrB13 EU273755 ABX72042 14
QnrB14 EU273757 ABX72044 14
QnrB15 EU302865 ABX72227 14
QnrB16 EU136183 ABV66096 15
QnrB17 AM919398 CAP45902 16
QnrB18 AM919399 CAP45903 16
QnrB19 EU432277 ACA28712 17
QnrB20 AB379831 BAG55487 20
QnrB21 FJ611948 ACM50952 24
QnrB22 FJ981621 ACS71746 25
QnrB23 FJ981622 ACS71747 25
QnrB24     27
QnrC EU917444 ACK75961 22
QnrD FJ228229 ACG70184 23
QnrS1 AB187515 BAD88776 18
QnrS2 DQ485530 ABF47470 7
QnrS3 EU077611 ABU52984 19
QnrS4 FJ418153 ACJ24509 21




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Amino acid alterations in qnrB alleles

Allele 2 11 18 20 21 22 27 36 55 60 79 80 94 129 142 144 151 162 163 168 171 186 188 198 202 204 205 212 213
QnrB1 A D E I E N N S N M S S A V I A F S T A F I G N S L M V I
QnrB2   N                 A       M               R         I  
QnrB3                 K           M                            
QnrB4 T     V           N I N S   M T     S   V     S     L   M
QnrB5 T     V             V       M T               S       I  
QnrB6                     A       M                            
QnrB7                     A       M     T                   I  
QnrB8 T     V           I V     A M T L   S T         A        
QnrB9                     A       M                         I  
QnrB10 T     V             V       M T                          
QnrB11 T   A V           I V   S   M T     S     V   S   I L   M
QnrB12 T   A V           I V   S   M T     S     V   S   I L    
QnrB13                     A       M               R         I  
QnrB14         D           A       M                       T I  
QnrB15           S         A N     M                         I  
QnrB16                     A       M T                       I  
QnrB17                             M                            
QnrB18         D           A       M                            
QnrB19 T     V             V       M T               S          
QnrB20   N                 A       M               R            
QnrB21 T     V           I V     A M T L   S T       S A        
QnrB22 T     V       C   N I N S   M T     S   V   V S     L   M
QnrB23             Y       A       M                         I  




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Amino acid alterations in QnrA alleles

Allele 39 54 108 116 127 130 161 213
QnrA1 Q V V S T S R V
QnrA2 R     A A     I
QnrA3 R   I   A      
QnrA4 R   I   A N    
QnrA5 R   I   A   C  
QnrA6 R I I   A   H  
QnrA7 R   I   A   H  




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Amino Acid alterations in QnrS alleles

Allele 5 11 12 16 21 31 41 44 61 89 91 102 106 120 148 201 206 207 216
QnrS1 N H N K L S T V V F A T H S N A L I Y
QnrS2 R   S Q I C A I   L E A N T H S Q L F
QnrS3   R                                  
QnrS4                 A                    




References

1. Tran, J. H., and G. A. Jacoby. 2002. Mechanism of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 99:5638-5642.

2. Li, T. et al., unpublished

3. Poirel, L., J. M. Rodriguez-Martinez, H. Mammeri, A. Liard, and P. Nordmann. 2005. Origin of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrA. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:3523-3525.

4. Cambau, E., C. Lascols, W. Sougakoff, C. Bebear, R. Bonnet, J. D. Cavallo, L. Gutmann, M. C. Ploy, V. Jarlier, C. J. Soussy, and J. Robert. 2006. Occurrence of qnrA-positive clinical isolates in French teaching hospitals during 2002-2005. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 12:1013-1020.

5. Jacoby, G. A., K. E. Walsh, D. M. Mills, V. J. Walker, H. Oh, A. Robicsek, and D. C. Hooper. 2006. qnrB, another plasmid-mediated gene for quinolone resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:1178-1182.

6. Robicsek, A., J. Strahilevitz, D. F. Sahm, G. A. Jacoby, and D. C. Hooper. 2006. qnr prevalence in ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from the United States. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:2872-2874.

7. Gay, K., A. Robicsek, J. Strahilevitz, C. H. Park, G. Jacoby, T. J. Barrett, F. Medalla, T. M. Chiller, and D. C. Hooper. 2006. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica. Clin. Infect. Dis. 43:297-304.

8. Ma, X, et al. unpublished

9. Cattoir, V., L. Poirel, V. Rotimi, C. J. Soussy, and P. Nordmann. 2007. Multiplex PCR for detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolates. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 60:394-397.

10. Zhu, M, et al., unpublished

11. Quiroga, M. P., P. Andres, A. Petroni, A. J. Soler Bistué, L. Guerriero, L. J. Vargas, A. Zorreguieta, M. Tokumoto, C. Quiroga, M. E. Tolmasky, M. Galas, and D. Centrón. 2007. Complex class 1 integrons with diverse variable regions, including aac(6')-Ib-cr, and a novel allele, qnrB10, associated with ISCR1 in clinical enterobacterial isolates from Argentina. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:4466-4470.

12. Rodriguez-Zulueta, P., et al., unpublished

13. Kehrenberg, C., S. Friederichs, A. de Jong, and S. Schwarz. 2008. Novel variant of the qnrB Gene, qnrB12, in Citrobacter werkmanii. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52:1206-1207.

14. Tamang, M.D., S.Y. Seol, J-Y. Oh, H.Y. Kang, J.C. Lee, Y.C. Lee, D.T. Cho, and J. Kim. 2008. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance detrmineds qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in a Korean hospital. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 4159-4162.

15. Sanchez-Cespedes, J., et al., unpublished

16. Gonzalez-Lopez, J., et al., unpublished

17. Cattoir, V., P. Nordmann, J. Silva-Sanchez, P. Espinal, and L. Poirel. 2008. ISEcp1-mediated transposition of qnrB-like gene in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52:2929-2932.

18. Hata, M., M. Suzuki, M. Matsumoto, M. Takahashi, K. Sato, S. Ibe, and K. Sakae. 2005. Cloning of a novel gene for quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:801-803.

19. Yue, L., H. X. Jiang, X. P. Liao, J. H. Liu, S. J. Li, X. Y. Chen, C. X. Chen, D. H. Lu, and Y. H. Liu. 2008. Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in poultry and swine clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. Vet. Microbiol. 132:414-420.

20. Yamane, K., unpublished

21. Torpdahl, M, A.M. Hammerum, C. Zachariasen, EM Nielsen. Detection of qnr genes in Salmonella isolated from humans in Denmark. 2009. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 63:406-408.

22. Wang, M., Q. Guo, X. Xu, X. Wang, X. Ye, S. Wu, D. C. Hooper, and M. Wang. 2009. New plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrC, found in a clinical isolate of Proteus mirabilis Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53:1892-1897.

23. Cavaco, L. M., H. Hasman, S. Xia, and F. M. Aarestrup. 2009. qnrD, a novel gene conferring transferable quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky and Bovismorbificans strains of human origin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53:603-608.

24. Galvin, S., Morris, D., Cormican, M., 12/2009, personal communication.

25. Lee, S.H., Bae, I.K., Lee, J.J. and Ahn, J.H. , 12/2009, personal communication.

26. Mingming Zhou, 4/2010, personal communication.

27. Zizhong Xiong, 4/2010, personal communication.

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Thursday, June 17, 2010