Herbal Supplements to Treat Sleeplessness

Catnip

The leaves of the catnip plant may produce sleepiness in humans. However, there are no clinical trials to prove the effectiveness or to determine the optimal dose. Catnip is safe to consume at reasonable doses. However, it can be dangerous if taken in very large quantities. Do not use catnip if you are pregnant since it may cause uterine contractions.

Hops

The hops plant is typically used to flavor beer. Historically, the flowers have been used to treat mild insomnia. Sleeping on pillows filled with hops flowers is said to promote sleep. Hops is generally taken with another sedative, like valerian. The most effective dose is not known. Hops are relatively safe. But there are reports of allergic skin rash after handling the plant. Women who have had breast cancer or who are at high risk for breast cancer should probably avoid hops due to its estrogen-like properties.

Kava

Kava is extracted from the root of a deciduous shrub. South Pacific Island cultures have used kava for centuries. However, in some countries, kava has been abused and is a serious social and health problem. To help insomnia, take kava 1 hour before bedtime.

The dose depends on the amount of the active ingredients, called kavalactones, in the product. It is recommended that people use kava extract standardized to 30% kavalactones. Do not take kava if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Kava may affect judgment or reflexes during the operation of machinery. It also should not be combined with antipsychotic drugs or drugs for Parkinson's disease.

Kava may cause problems with the liver. If you are taking kava, you should be monitored by your doctor for liver problems.

Lavender

Lavender is a flowering plant with a pleasant odor. The flower oil is calming and may help insomnia. Two studies showed that lavender oil as aromatherapy decreased agitation in people with dementia. A very small observational study indicated that lavender oil did help people with mild insomnia compared people using sweet almond oil. Internal use of the essential oil can cause severe nausea and should be avoided.

Lemon Balm

Lemon balm is a plant with a pleasant lemon smell. It can be grown in most gardens. The leaves are used in traditional medicine to treat sleep disturbances. There is not enough evidence to recommend lemon balm as the sole treatment for insomnia. However, there are 2 promising studies that show it may work if combined with valerian. In small oral doses, lemon balm can have a calming effect. Lemon balm appears to be safe, but may cause excessive sedation if taken in combination sedative medications.

Passionflower

Passionflower was used historically and is used currently as a mild sedative. In studies of mice, passionflower extracts produced decreased agitation and promoted long sleep. In humans, passionflower helped reduce anxiety, but there is not enough evidence to recommend it for the treatment of insomnia. It seems to be safe, although it may increase the effect of other drugs, especially sedatives.

Skullcap

Skullcap is an herb that was used historically as a sedative. It is currently found in insomnia products. There is no evidence to support its effectiveness or to recommend dosages. It has not been proven to be safe, and there is debate over whether it can cause liver toxicity.

Valerian

For centuries, Europeans have used valerian as a sedative and sleep aid. The valerian plant has thick roots with a foul smell. Valerian extract is made from the dried roots and is currently used for relaxation and for promoting sleep. Clinical research studies have shown inconsistent evidence for the effectiveness of valerian for insomnia. Valerian appears safe to use, but may impair the ability to drive or operate machinery.

All herbs and supplements may interfere with medications you are currently taking. Also, insomnia may sometimes be related to other health issues. If you are experiencing frequent, severe, or worsening bouts of insomnia, it is best to discuss it with your doctor first.