Introduction
Peppermint is an herb that grows in Europe and North America. It has been used to ease discomfort from digestion problems and nausea. The leaves can be taken as a pill, powder or extract. The leaves can also be made into a tea. Peppermint oil is most often used for medicine and can be taken in pill form, used on the skin, or diffused in the air.
Dosages
0.2 to 0.4 milliliters oil 3 times daily
What Research Shows
Likely Effective
May Be Effective
Not Enough Data to Assess
Editorial process and description of evidence categories can be found at EBSCO NAT Editorial Process.
Editorial process and description of evidence categories can be found at EBSCO NAT Editorial Process.
Safety Notes
It is likely safe to use peppermint on the skin and to take peppermint orally in small doses for a short time. Not enough studies have been done to say whether it is safe to use for a long period. E1-E4 Large doses should be avoided, especially when pregnant or breastfeeding. E5
Interactions
Talk to your doctor about any supplements or therapy you would like to use. Some can interfere with treatment or make conditions worse.
References
REFA Functional Dyspepsia
REFA1 Korterink JJ, Rutten JM, et al. Pharmacologic treatment in pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders: a systematic review. J Pediatr. 2015 Feb;166(2):424-31.e6.
REFA2 Anheyer D, Frawley J, et al. Herbal Medicines for Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2017 Jun;139(6). pii: e20170062.
REFA3 Rich G, Shah A, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effects of Menthacarin, a proprietary peppermint- and caraway-oil-preparation, on symptoms and quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Nov;29(11).
REFB Irritable Bowel Syndrome
REFB1 Merat S, Khalili S, et al. The effect of enteric-coated, delayed-release peppermint oil on irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2010 May;55(5):1385-1390.
REFB2 Alam MS, Roy PK, et al. Efficacy of Peppermint oil in diarrhea predominant IBS - a double blind randomized placebo - controlled study. Mymensingh Med J. 2013 Jan;22(1):27-30.
REFB3 Khanna R, MacDonald JK, et al. Peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(6):505-512.
REFB4 Cash BD, Epstein MS, et al. A Novel Delivery System of Peppermint Oil Is an Effective Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms. Dig Dis Sci. 2016 Feb;61(2):560-571.
REFB5 Alammar N, Wang L, et al. The impact of peppermint oil on the irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of the pooled clinical data. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19(1):21.
REFC Neck Pain
REFC1 Ou MC, Lee YF, et al. The effectiveness of essential oils for patients with neck pain: a randomized controlled study. J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Oct;20(10):771-779.
REFD Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
REFD1 Lane B, Cannella K, et al. Examination of the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy on nausea in women post C-section. J Holist Nurs. 2012 Jun;30(2):90-104; quiz 105-106.
REFD2 Hines S, Steels E, et al. Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 10;3:CD007598.
REFE Safety
REFE1 Dresser GK, Wacher V, et al. Evaluation of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate as inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vitro and in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Sep;72(3):247-255.
REFE2 Posadzki P, Alotaibi A, et al. Adverse effects of aromatherapy: a systematic review of case reports and case series. Int J Risk Saf Med. 2012 Jan 1;24(3):147-161.
REFE3 Izzo AA. Interactions between herbs and conventional drugs: overview of the clinical data. Med Princ Pract. 2012;21(5):404-428.
REFE4 Jack AR, Norris PL, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis to plant extracts in cosmetics. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2013 Sep;32(3):140-146.
REFE5 hmed M, Hwang JH, et al. Safety classification of herbal medicines used among pregnant women in Asian countries: a systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Nov 14;17(1):489.