by Mahnke D

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backup of stomach acid and other contents into the esophagus. This is the tube that runs from the back of the throat to the stomach.

The backup of acid and other contents can cause a burning feeling called heartburn that is felt behind the breastbone. It is the most common problem from GERD.

Gastroesophageal Reflux
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Causes

A muscular ring called the lower esophageal sphincter controls the opening between the esophagus and the stomach. It relaxes to let food pass into the stomach. Then it closes shut to keep stomach acid and food in the stomach. If the ring does not close the way it should, then stomach acids can escape up into the esophagus. The acid irritates the esophagus and causes heartburn. It can also happen when a person is lying down or bending over.

Over time, stomach acid wears away the lining of the esophagus. It can lead to problems like wheezing, stuffiness, or changes in a person's voice. The longer a person has these problems, the worse they become. Acid can also cause bleeding, stricture , or inflammation.

The acid also changes the cells in the bottom part of the esophagus. This condition is called Barrett esophagus . Having it raises the risk of esophageal cancer.

What are the risk factors for GERD/heartburn?What are the symptoms of GERD/heartburn?How is GERD/heartburn diagnosed?What are the treatments for GERD/heartburn?Are there screening tests for GERD/heartburn?How can I reduce my risk of GERD/heartburn?What questions should I ask my doctor?Where can I get more information about GERD/heartburn?

References

Acid reflux (GER and GERD) in adults. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults. Accessed March 18, 2022.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). American Gastroenterological Association website. Available at: https://aga-cms-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/2018214195040---All%5FGERD%5F2017.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2022.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-gerd. Accessed March 18, 2022.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Merck Manual Professional Version. Available at: https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/esophageal-and-swallowing-disorders/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-gerd. Accessed March 18, 2022.

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