Definition
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the growth of bone in places where it is not supposed to be. It can happen anywhere in the body. The hip, knees, shoulders, and elbows are the most common places. Growths can be small or large.
Symptoms
The problems a person has depends on how serious HO is. It also depends on where there is bone growth. Problems may be:
- Poor range of motion
- Joint swelling or redness
- Pain
- Fever
Diagnosis
You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. You may be sent to a specialist.
These tests may also be done:
- Blood and urine tests
- Tests on fluids from the skin or cysts
- Imaging tests:
| X-ray of Pelvic Repair |
|
| HO may happen after joint surgery. |
| Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc. |
Treatment
The level of care needed depends on how serious HO is. Choices are:
- Physical therapy to increase strength, flexibility, and range of motion, depending on the location of the problem
- Medicines, such as:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to ease swelling and pain
- Bisphosphonates to prevent the bone loss
- Radiation therapy to prevent abnormal bone growth
- Surgery to remove abnormal bone
RESOURCES
Ortho Info—American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons https://www.orthoinfo.org
United Spinal Association https://www.unitedspinal.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES
Canadian Orthopaedic Association http://coa-aco.org
When it Hurts to Move—Canadian Orthopaedic Foundation https://whenithurtstomove.org
References
Heterotopic ossification. Craig Hospital website. Available at: https://craighospital.org/resources/heterotopic-ossification. Accessed October 22, 2020.
Spinal cord injury—InfoSheet #12. Spinal Cord Injury Information Network website. Available at: http://images.main.uab.edu/spinalcord/pdffiles/info-12.pdf. Accessed October 22, 2020.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Daniel A. Ostrovsky, MD
- Review Date: 09/2020
- Update Date: 05/19/2021