This article can give you a general idea about each of the medicines listed below. Only the most general side effects are listed. Ask your doctor if you need to take any special precautions. Use medicine as recommended by your doctor. If you have questions about use or side effects, contact your doctor.
Medicines are used to treat side effects. You can have them from cancer or its treatment. Talk to your doctor if you have any of these problems so they can be controlled.
Prescription Medications
- Prochlorperazine
- Odansetron
- Granisetron
- Metoclopramide
- Cannabinoids
- Dexamethasone
- Prednisone
- Hydrocodone
- Methadone
- Oxycodone and Acetaminophen
- Denosumab
- Pamidronate
- Zoledronic acid
- Filgrastim
- Epoetin
Over-the-Counter Medications
- Acetaminophen
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
- Aspirin
- Ibuprofen
- Naproxen
Prescription Medications
- Prochlorperazine
- Odansetron
- Granisetron
- Metoclopramide
- Cannabinoids
Anti-nausea medicines help treat or prevent nausea and vomiting. They are given in different ways such as a pill or shot.
Cannabinoids are also used to treat nausea and vomiting. Medical marijuana can be used in food, taken as a pill, or inhaled.
Some problems are:
For prochlorperazine:
- Problems seeing clearly, in color, or at night
- Fainting
- Loss of balance
- Restlessness or need to keep moving
- Shuffling when walking
- Stiffness of arms or legs
- Trembling and shaking of hands and fingers
For odansetron:
- Constipation
- Mild headache
For granisetron:
- Belly pain
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Feeling very tired or week
For metoclopramide:
- Diarrhea (with high doses)
- Drowsiness
- Restlessness
- Higher risk of tardive dyskinesia—a serious nervous system problem that can happen to those who take this drug longer than 3 months
For cannabinoids:
- Fast heart beat
- Lightheadedness and fainting
- Blood shot eyes
- Depression
- Seeing things that are not there
- Paranoia
Common names are:
- Dexamethasone
- Prednisone
Corticosteroids ease inflammation and pain. These may be caused by:
- Bone pain
- Fluid buildup
Some problems are:
- More hunger
- Heartburn
- Nervousness or restlessness
- Hydrocodone
- Methadone
- Oxycodone and acetaminophen
Opioids are used to ease pain. They work well, but can lead to addiction. If you take opioids, the doctor will watch you closely.
Percocet is a blend of 2 drugs. An opioid and acetaminophen are blended together. They work better than either one used alone. In some cases, lower doses of each drug are needed to ease pain.
Some problems are:
- Constipation
- Lightheadedness
- Feeling faint
- Drowsiness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Filgrastim
- Epoetin
Cancer treatment ruins healthy blood cells. Filgrastim helps bone marrow make new white blood cells. This helps the body better fight infections.
Epoetin helps bone marrow make new red blood cells. This helps prevent anemia. This drug has two-week delay after the first shot. If blood cells need to be restored quickly, a blood transfusion may be done.
Some problems are:
For filgrastim:
- Headache
- Pain in arms or legs
- Pain in joints or muscles
- Pain in lower back or pelvis
- Skin rash or itching
For epoetin:
- Cough, sneezing, or sore throat
- Fever
- Swelling of face, fingers, ankles, feet, or lower legs
- Weight gain
Over-the-Counter Medications
- Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen is used to ease pain. It rarely causes stomach irritation or bleeding. Some people should not take drugs with acetaminophen in them. This includes those with liver disease or who drink a lot of alcohol Talk to your doctor first if you use this drug longer than expected.
Special Considerations
When taking medicine:
- Take your medicine as advised. Do not change the amount or schedule.
- Be aware of the side effects of your medicine. Tell your doctor if you have any.
- Talk to your doctor before you stop taking any prescription medicine.
- Do not share your prescription medicine.
- Medicines can be harmful when mixed. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking more than one. This includes over the counter products and supplements.
- Plan for refills.
References
Managing cancer-related side effects American Cancer Society website. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects.html. Accessed March 30, 2022.
Breast cancer. Merck Manual Professional Version website. Available at: https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/breast-cancer. Accessed March 30, 2022.
Breast cancer in women. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/breast-cancer-in-women. Accessed March 30, 2022.
Cannabis and cannabinoids (PDQ). National Cancer Institute website. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cannabis-pdq. Accessed March 30, 2022.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Nicole Meregian, PA
- Update Date: 03/30/2022