Definition
An undescended testicle (cryptorchidism) is when a boy's testicle does not move down into the scrotum. Testicles develop inside the abdomen before birth. They move down into the scrotum just before or after birth.
Undescended Testicle |
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Causes
It is not always known why this happens. It is thought to be a problem with the way the testicles develop.
Risk Factors
Things that may raise the risk of this problem are:
- Low birth weight
- Being born too early
- A family history of undescended testicles
- Klinefelter syndrome or other chromosomal problems
- Factors in the mother during pregnancy, such as:
- Cigarette smoking
- Gestational diabetes mellitus
- High levels of alpha-fetoprotein
Diagnosis
You will be asked about your child's symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. It will focus on the testicles. This is often enough to make the diagnosis.
Images may need to be taken to locate the testicle. This can be done with ultrasound or laparoscopy.
Treatment
Treatment is needed to avoid problems, such as infertility and testicular cancer.
Choices are:
- Waiting for the testicle to descend on its own
- Surgery to move the testicle down and stitch it into place
- Hormone therapy (not common)
RESOURCES
Healthy Children—American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.healthychildren.org
National Infertility Association http://www.resolve.org
References
Cryptorchidism. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/cryptorchidism. Accessed December 10, 2020.
Tekgul S, Dogan HS, et al; European Society for Paediatric Urology and European Association of Urology (ESPU/EAU). Guidelines on paediatric urology. EAU 2017 Mar.
Undescended testicles. Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians website. Available at: http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/undescended-testicles.html. Accessed December 10, 2020.
Undescended testicles. Healthy Children—American Academy of Pediatrics website. Available at: http://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/genitourinary-tract/Pages/Undescended-Testicles.aspx. Accessed December 10, 2020.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Chelsea Skucek, MSN, BS, RNC-NIC
- Review Date: 09/2020
- Update Date: 06/04/2021